RESUMEN
This study discusses how the endTB project, which had the aim to eradicate tuberculosis by 2030, has been affected by addressing emerging pathologies;consequently, an increase in the rate of infection and mortality by tuberculosis was reported in 2021. Although the scientific community focuses on COVID-19, we cannot forget tuberculosis. Both pathologies show important similarities, which suggest that investment in research in both study fields can be used to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for both pathologies. The analysis of tuberculosis, an infectious disease that is a public health problem worldwide, under the COVID-19 context is helpful to highlight the shortcomings of health systems worldwide. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR]
RESUMEN
Telomeres are localized at the end of chromosomes to provide genome stability; however, the telomere length tends to be shortened with each cell division inducing a progressive telomere shortening (TS). In addition to age, other factors, such as exposure to pollutants, diet, stress, and disruptions in the shelterin protein complex or genes associated with telomerase induce TS. This phenomenon favors cellular senescence and genotoxic stress, which increases the risk of the development and progression of lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and lung cancer. In an infectious environment, immune cells that exhibit TS are associated with severe lymphopenia and death, whereas in a noninfectious context, naïve T cells that exhibit TS are related to cancer progression and enhanced inflammatory processes. In this review, we discuss how TS modifies the function of the immune system cells, making them inefficient in maintaining homeostasis in the lung. Finally, we discuss the advances in drug and gene therapy for lung diseases where TS could be used as a target for future treatments.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Pulmonares/genética , Enfermedades Pulmonares/inmunología , Acortamiento del Telómero/inmunología , Animales , COVID-19/genética , COVID-19/inmunología , Senescencia Celular/genética , Terapia Genética/métodos , Humanos , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Enfermedades Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Recent advances in the field of flow cytometry (FCM) have highlighted the importance of incorporating it as a basic analysis tool in laboratories. FCM not only allows the identification of cell subpopulations by detecting the expression of molecules in the cell membrane or cytoplasm, but it can also quantify and identify soluble molecules. The proper functioning of the FCM requires six fundamental systems, from those related to the transport of events to the systems dedicated to the analysis of information. In this review, we have identified the main considerations that every FCM user must know for an optimal antibody panel design, the quality systems that must govern the FCM protocols to guarantee reproducible results in research or clinical laboratories. Finally, we have introduced the current evidence that highlights the relevance of FCM in the investigation and clinical diagnosis of respiratory diseases, establishing important advances in the basic and clinical study of diseases as old as Tuberculosis along with the recent proposals for the monitoring and classification of patients infected with the new SARS-CoV2 virus.